Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems harness sunlight to generate electricity, but several factors can contribute to energy losses. These losses occur at different stages, from sunlight interception by solar panels to converting light into usable energy. One major source of loss is due to absorption of sunlight by panel surfaces and environmental factor

Low-income families in the U.S. often struggle with rising energy bills, with a significant portion of their earnings spent on electricity. While solar panels offer an ideal solution to mitigate energy costs, the upfront installation expenses make it difficult for low-income homeowners to access this renewable energy source. Fortunately, several lo